CYANOCOBALAMIN (VITAMIN B12)
Siffa da Halaye
Wannan samfurin foda ne mai launin ja ko crystalline, ba shi da ƙamshi, ba shi da ɗanɗano kuma yana da ƙarfi mai haifar da danshi. Yana narkewa kaɗan a cikin ruwa ko ethanol, ba ya narkewa a cikin chloroform ko ether. Yana jure zafi, amma yana iya zama mara tasiri idan aka fallasa shi ga abubuwa masu lalata ko rage iska (kamar bitamin C ko hydrogen peroxide, da sauransu), gishirin ƙarfe mai nauyi da acid mai ƙarfi da alkalis mai ƙarfi.
Tsarin Sinadarai
Vitamin B12 wani sinadari ne mai kama da equioctaphedral wanda ke ɗauke da ions na cobalt. Tsarin tsakiyarsa shine zoben corrin mai faɗi wanda ya ƙunshi pyrroles guda huɗu da aka haɗa. Kwayoyin bitamin B12 sun ƙunshi kusan sassa 3: zoben gourin da aka haɗa da ƙwayoyin N guda huɗu da ions na cobalt na tsakiya; 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, DMBI) wanda aka haɗa da ƙwayoyin N-7 da ions na cobalt a matsayin ƙwayoyin bitamin B 12 na ƙananan matakan ligands (α). Bugu da ƙari, DMBI kuma an haɗa shi da aminopropanol ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin phosphate, kuma aminopropanol yana da alaƙa da sarkar gefen propionic acid akan pyrrole D; ƙungiyar adenosyl ko ƙungiyar methyl. Yana da alaƙa da ions na cobalt don samar da ligand na sama (β) na ƙwayoyin bitamin B12. Ana samar da nau'ikan abubuwan bitamin B12 daban-daban lokacin da rukunin littafin sinadarai ya bambanta da babban littafin sinadarai akan axis na zoben goline. An haɗa rukunin hydroxyl (-OH) da ion na cobalt a cikin zoben gluline don samar da hydroxycobalamin. Hakazalika, an haɗa deoxyadenosine (5'-deoxyadenosyl), methyl (-CH3), cyanide (-CN) da ions na cobalt don samar da adenosine cobalt bi da bi. Amine (deoxyadenosylcobalamin), methylcobalamin (methylcobalamin) da cyanocobalamin (cyanocobalamin). A yanayi, nau'in ƙarshe na bitamin B12 da ƙwayoyin cuta ke samarwa shine adenosine cobalamine (coenzyme B12), methyl cobalamine da hydroxycobalamine. Duk da haka, saboda halayensu ba su da ƙarfi sosai, ana ƙara sodium cyanide ta hanyar wucin gadi a cikin tsarin tsarkakewa na masana'antu don canza yanayin bitamin B12 na halitta zuwa cyanocobalamin mai ƙarfi.
Aikin Halittar Jiki
Inganta yawan amfani da folic acid, haɗa meththionine (wanda aka haɗa daga babban cysteine) da choline tare da folic acid, da kuma haɗa cyanocobalamin precursors kamar methyl coballamin da coenzyme B12 yayin samar da prine da pyrimidine, da kuma shiga cikin tsarin methylation na abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa. Lokacin da bitamin B12 bai isa ba, aikin canja wurin ƙungiyoyin methyl daga methyl tetrahydrofolic acid yana raguwa, wanda ke sa folic acid ya zama ba za a iya amfani da shi ba, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin folic acid. Kula da metabolism da aikin sheath na jijiya. Rashin bitamin B12 na iya haifar da rikice-rikice na jijiyoyi, lalacewar kashin baya, da kuma ilimin sinadarai na iya haifar da manyan alamun tunani. Rashin bitamin B12 na iya haifar da neuritis na gefe. Bayyanar farko na rashin bitamin B12 a cikin yara shine yanayi mara kyau, rashin saurin magana, jinkirin amsawa, kuma a ƙarshe yana haifar da rashin jini. Inganta ci gaba da balaga na ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Ana canza Methylpropandiyl coenzyme A zuwa succinoyl coenzyme A kuma yana shiga cikin zagayowar tricarboxylic acid, wanda succinyl coenzyme A ke da alaƙa da haɗa heme. Vitamin B12 kuma yana shiga cikin haɗa deoxynucleic acid (DNA), metabolism na mai, carbohydrates da furotin, kuma yana ƙara haɗa nucleic acid da sunadarai.
